P0016 - Crankshaft Position - Camshaft Position Correlation (Bank 1 Sensor A)
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System
Powertrain (Engine & Gearbox)
Related Fault Codes
Technical Description
P0016 is triggered when the Engine Control Module (ECM) detects that the signals from the Crankshaft Position (CKP) sensor and the Camshaft Position (CMP) sensor for the intake cam on Bank 1 are out of phase. The ECM monitors the correlation between these two sensors to manage ignition timing and fuel injection. If the camshaft signal does not align with the crankshaft signal within a predefined window (typically +/- 4 to 10 crankshaft degrees), the correlation error is logged. This fault directly impacts the Variable Valve Timing (VVT) strategy and may lead to reduced engine power or limp mode to prevent mechanical damage.
Possible Causes
Timing belt/chain has jumped a tooth or is severely stretched.
Faulty or clogged Variable Valve Timing (VVT) solenoid (Oil Control Valve).
Faulty Camshaft (CMP) or Crankshaft (CKP) sensor.
Mechanical failure of the VVT phaser or incorrect engine oil viscosity.
Symptoms
Recommended Solution
Workflow
Mechanic's Tip
Before replacing expensive components, always double-check wiring and connections. 80% of all sensor faults are actually due to corroded contacts or broken wires.
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